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The BPO & IT Enabled Services industry has grown phenomenally and has now become a very important part of the export-oriented IT software and services environment.
IT-Enabled Services (ITES) &
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) as it is better known
holds tremendous potential for India. Though ITES in India
has become almost synonymous with call centers in public
perception, it encompasses much more. The term ITES can
be defined as outsourcing of such processes that can be
enabled with information technology and covers areas as
diverse as finance, HR (human resource), administration,
healthcare, telecommunication, manufacturing etc.
ITES/BPO service includes a scenario wherein one company
hands over part of its work to another company, making
it responsible for the design and implementation of the
business process through the telecom and Internet medium
under strict guidelines regarding requirements and specifications
from the outsourcing company. Till 1994, the Indian telecom
sector was under direct governmental control and the state
owned units enjoyed a monopoly in the market. In 1994,
the government announced a policy under which the sector
was liberalized and private participation was encouraged.
With New Telecom Policy announced in 1999 and introduction
of IP telephony ended the state monopoly on international
calling facilities. This brought about a drastic reduction
and this heralded the golden era for the ITES/BPO industry.
One of the first outsourced services was medical transcription,
but outsourcing of business processes like data processing,
billing, and customer support began towards the end of
the 1990s when MNCs established wholly owned subsidiaries
which catered to the process off-shoring requirements
of their parent companies.
The ITES or BPO industry is a young and nascent sector
in India and has been in existence for a little more than
five years. Despite its recent arrival on the Indian scene,
the industry has grown phenomenally and has now become
a very important part of the export-oriented IT software
and services environment. Today, Indian companies are
offering a variety of outsourced services ranging from
customer care, transcription, billing services and database
marketing, to Web sales/marketing, accounting, tax processing,
transaction document management, telesales / telemarketing,
HR hiring and biotech research.
The ITES/BPO industry, which contributes 25% to the total
IT Software and Service exports from India, witnessed
a growth of 53.3% to reach US$ 2.3 bn in financial year
2003. According to Nasscom, the industry is expected to
grow by around 57% to touch US$ 3.6 bn. in the current
fiscal. Going by the long-term projection of Nasscom,
the industry is estimated to touch a size of US$ 21-24
bn by 2008. This would imply an estimated compound annual
growth rate of 58%, making it one of the fastest growing
sectors in India. Looking at the success of India's IT/software
industry, the central government identified ITES/BPO as
a key contributor to economic growth prioritized the attraction
of FDI in this segment by establishing 'Software Technology
Parks' and 'Export Enterprise Zones'.
In the last financial year, ITES/BPO companies were the
largest recruiters in the IT/ITES sector, adding about
70,000 jobs. Nasscom estimates that the sector would add
roughly about 300,000 people every year and would be employing
2 million people by 2008.
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